THE CABLE-TOW
The Cable-Tow, we are told, is purely Masonic in its meaning and use. It is
so defined in the dictionary, but not always accurately, which shows that we
ought not depend upon the ordinary dictionary for the truth about Masonic terms.
Masonry has its own vocabulary and uses it in its own ways. Nor can our words
always be defined for the benefit of the profane.
Even in Masonic lore the word cable-tow varies in form and use. In an early
pamphlet by Pritard, issued in 1730, and meant to be an exposure of Masonry, the
cable-tow is a called a "Cable-Rope," and in another edition a "Tow-Line." The
same word "Tow-Line" is used in a pamphlet called "A Defense of Masonry,"
written, it is believed, by Anderson as a reply to Pritchard about the same
time. In neither pamphlet is the word used in exactly the form and sense in
which it is used today; and in a note Pritchard, wishing to make everything
Masonic absurd, explains it as meaning "The Roof of the Mouth!" In English
lodges, the Cable-Tow, like the hoodwink, is used only in the first degree, and
has no symbolical meaning at all, apparently. In American lodges it is used in
all three degrees, and has almost too many meanings. Some of our American
teachers - Pike among them - see no meaning in the cable-tow beyond its obvious
use in leading an initiate into the lodge, and the possible use of withdrawing
him from it should he be unwilling or unworthy to advance.
To some of us this non-symbolical idea and use of the cable-tow is very
strange, in view of what Masonry is in general, and particularly in its
ceremonies of initiation. For Masonry is a chamber of imagery. The whole Lodge
is a symbol. Every object, every act is symbolical. The whole fits together into
a system of symbolism by which Masonry veils, and yet reveals, the truth it
seeks to teach to such as have eyes to see and are ready to receive it.
As far back as we can go in the history of initiation, we find the cable-two,
or something like it, used very much as it is used in a Masonic Lodge today. No
matter what the origin and form of the word as we employ it may be - whether
from the Hebrew "Khabel," or the Dutch "cabel," both meaning a rope - the fact
is the same. In India, in Egypt and in most of the ancient Mysteries, a cord or
cable was used in the same way and for the same purpose.
In the meaning, so far as we can make it out, seems to have been some kind of
pledge - a vow in which a man pledged his life. Even outside initiatory rites we
find it employed, as, for example, in a striking scene recorded in the Bible (I
Kings 20:31,32), the description of which is almost Masonic. The King of Syria,
Ben-hada, had been defeated in battle by the King of Israel and his servants are
making a plea for his life. They approach the King of Israel "with ropes upon
their heads," and speak of his "Brother, Ben-hadad." Why did they wear ropes, or
nouses, on their heads?
Evidently to symbolize a pledge of some sort, given in a Lodge or otherwise,
between the two Kings, of which they wished to remind the King of Israel. The
King of Israel asked: "Is he yet alive? He is my brother." Then we read that the
servants of the Syrian King watched to see if the King of Israel made any sign,
and, catching his sign, they brought the captive King of Syria before him. Not
only was the life of the King of Syria spared, but a new pledge was made between
the two men.
The cable-tow, then, is the outward and visible symbol of a vow in which a
man has pledged his life, or has pledged himself to save another life at the
risk of his own. Its length and strength are measured by the ability of the man
to fulfill his obligation and his sense of the moral sanctity of his obligation
- a test, that is, both of his capacity and of his character.
If a lodge is a symbol of the world, and initiation is our birth into the
world of Masonry, the cable-tow is not unlike the cord which unites a child to
its mother at birth; and so it is usually interpreted. Just as the physical
cord, when cut, is replaced by a tie of love and obligation between mother and
child, so, in one of the most impressive moments of initiation, the cable-tow is
removed, because the brother, by his oath at the Altar of Obligation, is bound
by a tie stronger than any physical cable. What before was an outward physical
restraint has become a inward moral constraint. That is to say, force is
replaced by love - outer authority by inner obligation - and that is the secret
of security and the only basis of brotherhood.
The cable-tow is the sign of the pledge of the life of a man. As in his oath
he agrees to forfeit his life if his vow is violated, so, positively, he pledges
his life to the service of the Craft. He agrees to go to the aid of a Brother,
using all his power in his behalf, "if within the length of his cable-tow,"
which means, if within the reach of his power. How strange that any one should
fail to see symbolical meaning in the cable-tow. It is, indeed, the great symbol
of the mystic tie which Masonry spins and weaves between men, making them
Brothers and helpers one of another.
But, let us remember that a cable-tow has two ends. If it binds a Mason to
the Fraternity, by the same fact it binds the Fraternity to each man in it. The
one obligation needs to be emphasized as much as the other. Happily, in our day
we are beginning to see the other side of the obligation - that the Fraternity
is under vows to its members to guide, instruct and train them for the effective
service of the Craft and of humanity. Control, obedience, direction or guidance
- these are the three meanings of the cable-tow, as it is interpreted by the
best insight of the Craft.
Of course, by Control we do not mean that Masonry commands us in the same
sense that it uses force. Not at all. Masonry rules men as beauty rules an
artist, as love rules a lover. It does not drive; it draws. It controls us,
shapes us through its human touch and its moral nobility. By the same method, by
the same power it wins obedience and gives guidance and direction to our lives.
At the Altar we take vows to follow and obey its high principles and ideals; and
Masonic vows are not empty obligations - they are vows in which a man pledges
his life and his sacred honor.
The old writers define the length of a cable-tow, which they sometimes call a
"cables length," variously. Some say it is seven hundred and twenty feet, or
twice the measure of a circle. Others say that the length of the cable-tow is
three miles. But such figures are merely symbolical, since in one man it may be
three miles and in another it may easily be three thousand miles - or to the end
of the earth. For each Mason the cable-tow reaches as far as his moral
principles go and his material conditions will allow. Of that distance each must
be his own judge, and indeed each does pass judgment upon himself accordingly,
by his own acts in aid of others.
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