THE COMPASSES
In our study of the Square we saw that it is nearly always linked with the
Compasses, and these old emblems, joined with the Holy Bible, are the Great
Lights of the Craft. If the Lodge is an "Oblong Square" and built upon the
Square (as the earth was thought to be in olden time), over it arches the Sky,
which is a circle. Thus Earth and Heaven are brought together in the Lodge - the
earth where man goes forth to his labor, and the heaven to which he aspires. In
other words, the light of Revelation and the Law of Nature are like the two
points of the Compasses within which our life is set under a canopy of Sun and
Stars.
No symbolism can be more simple, more profound, more universal, and it
becomes more wonderful the longer one ponders it. Indeed, if Masonry is in any
sense a religion, it is Universe Religion, in which all men can unite. Its
principles are as wide as the world, as high as the sky. Nature and revelation
blend in its teaching; its morality is rooted in the order of the world, and its
roof is the blue vault above. The Lodge, as we are apt to forget, is always open
to the sky, whence come those influences which exalt and ennoble the life of
man. Symbolically, at least, it has no rafters but the arching heavens to which,
as sparks ascending seek the sun, our life and labor tend. Of the heavenly side
of Masonry the Compasses are the Symbol, and they are perhaps the most spiritual
of our working tools.
As has been said, the Square and the Compasses are nearly always together,
and that is true as far back as we can go. In the sixth book of the philosophy
on Mencius, in China, we find these words: "A Master Mason, in teaching
Apprentices, makes use of the Compass and the Square. Ye who are engaged in the
pursuit of wisdom must also make use of the Compass and the Square. Note the
order of the words: the Compass has first place, as it should have to a Master
Mason. In the oldest classic of China, "The Book of History," dating back two
thousand years before our era, we find the Compasses employed without the
Square: "Ye Officers of the Government, apply the Compasses." Even in that far
off time these symbols had the same meaning they have for us today, and they
seem to have been interpreted in the same way.
While in the order of the Lodge the Square is first, in point of truth it is
not the first in order. The Square rests upon the Compasses before the Compasses
rest upon the Square. That is to say, just as a perfect square is a figure that
can be drawn only within a circle or about a circle, so the earthly life of man
moves and is built within the circle of Divine life and law and love which
surrounds, sustains, and explains it. In the Ritual of the Lodge we see man,
hoodwinked by the senses, slowly groping his way out of darkness, seeking the
light of morality and reason. But he does so by the aid of inspiration from
above, else he would live untroubled by a spark Some deep need, some dim desire
brought him to the door of the Lodge, in quest of a better life and a clearer
vision. Vague gleams, impulses, intimations reached him in the night of Nature,
and he set forth and finding a friendly hand to help knocked at the door of the
House of Light.
As an Apprentice a man is, symbolically, in a crude, natural state, his
divine life covered and ruled by his earthly nature. As a Fellowcraft he has
made one step toward liberty and light and the nobler elements in him are
struggling to rise above and control his lower, lesser nature. In the Sublime
Degree of a Master Mason - far more sublime than we yet realize - by human love,
by the discipline of tragedy, and still more by the Divine help the divine in
him has subjugated the earthly, and he stands forth strong, free, and fearless,
ready to raise stone upon stone until naught is wanting. If we examine with care
the relative positions of the Square and Compasses as he advanced through the
Degrees, we learn a parable and a prophecy of what the Compasses mean in the
life of a Mason.
Here too, we learn what the old philosopher of China meant when he urged
Officers of the Government to "apply the Compasses,: since only men who have
mastered themselves can really lead or rule others. Let us now study the
Compasses apart from the Square, and try to discover what they have to teach us.
There is no more practical lesson in Masonry and it behooves us to learn it and
lay it to heart. As the Light of the Holy Bible reveals our relation and duty to
God, and the Square instructs us in our duties to our Brother and neighbor, so
the Compasses teach us the obligation which we owe ourselves. What that
obligation is needs to be made plain; it is the primary, imperative, everyday
duty of circumscribing his passions, and keeping his desires within due bounds.
As Most Excellent King Solomon said long ago: "Better is he that ruleth his
spirit than he that taketh a city.:
In short, it is the old triad, without which character loses its symmetry,
and life may easily end in chaos and confusion. It has been put in many ways,
but never better than in the three great words; self-knowledge, self- reverence,
self-control; and we cannot lose any one of the three and keep the other two. To
know ourselves, our strength, our weakness, our limitations, is the first
principle of wisdom, and a security against many a pitfall and blunder. Lacking
such knowledge, or disregarding it, a man goes too far, loses control of
himself, and by that very fact loses, in some measure, the self-respect which is
the corner stone of a character. If he loses respect for himself, he does not
long keep his respect for others, and goes down the road to destruction, like a
star out of orbit, or a car into the ditch.
The old Greeks put the same truth into a trinity of maximums: "Know thyself;
in nothing too much; think as a mortal; and it made them masters of the art of
life and the life of art. Hence their wise Doctrine of the Limit, as a basic
idea both of life and of thought, and their worship of the God of bounds, of
which the Compasses are a symbol. It is the wonder of our human life that we
belong to the limited and to the unlimited. Hemmed in, hedged about, restricted,
we long for a liberty without rule or limit. Yet limitless liberty is anarchy
and slavery. As in the great word of Burke, "It is ordained in the eternal
constitution of things, that a man of intemperate passions cannot be free; his
passions forge their fetters." Liberty rests upon law. The wise man is he who
takes full account of both, who knows how, at all points, to qualify the one by
the other, as the Compasses, if he uses them aright, will teach him how to do.
Much of our life is ruled for us whether we will or not.
The laws of nature throw about us their restraining bands, and there is no
place where their wit does not run. The laws of the land make us aware that our
liberty is limited by the equal rights and liberties of others. Our neighbors,
too, if we fail to act toward him squarely may be trusted to look after his own
rights. Custom, habit, and the pressure of public opinion are impalpable forces
which we dare not altogether defy. These are so many roads from which our
passions and appetites stray at-our-peril. But there are other regions of life
where personality has free play, and they are the places where most of our joy
and sorrow lie. It is in the realm of desire, emotion, motive, in the inner life
where we are freest, and most alone, that we need a wise and faithful use of the
Compasses.
How to use the Compasses is one of the finest of all arts, asking for the
highest skill of a Master Mason. If he is properly instructed, he will rest one
point in the innermost center of his being, and with the other draw a circle
beyond which he will not go, until he is ready and able to go farther. Against
the littleness of his knowledge he will set the depth of his desire to know,
against the brevity of his earthly life the reach of his spiritual hope. Within
a wise limit he will live and labor and grow, and when he reaches the outer rim
of the circle he will draw another, and attain to a full-orbed life, balance,
beautiful, and finely poised. No wise man dare forget the maxim "In nothing too
much," for there are situations where a word too much, a step too far, means
disaster. If he has a quick tongue, a hot temper, a dark mood, he will apply the
Compasses, shut his weakness within the circle of his strength, and control it.
Strangely enough, even a virtue, if unrestrained and left to itself, may
actually become a vice. Praise, if pushed too far, becomes flattery. Love often
ends in a soft sentimentalism, flabby and foolish. Faith, if carried to the
extreme by the will to believe, ends in over-belief and superstition. It is the
Compasses that help us to keep our balance, in obedience to the other Greek
maxim: "Think as a mortal" - that is, remember the limits of human thought. An
old mystic said that God is a circle whose center is everywhere, and its
circumference nowhere. But such an idea is all a blur Our minds can neither
grasp nor hold it. Even in our thought about God we must draw a circle enclosing
so much of His Nature as we can grasp and realize, enlarging the circle as our
experience and thought and vision expand. Many a man loses all truth in his
impatient effort to reach final truth. It is the man who fancies that he has
found the only truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, and who seeks
to impose his dogma upon others, who becomes the bigot, the fanatic, the
persecutor. Here, too, we must apply the Compasses, if we would have our faith
fulfill itself in fellowship. Now we know in part - a small part, it may be, but
it is real as far at it goes - though it be as one who sees in a glass darkly.
The promise is that if we are worthy and well qualified, we shall see God face
to face and know ever as we are known. But God is so great, so far beyond my
mind and yours, that if we are to know him truly, we must know Him Together, in
fellowship and fraternity. And so the Poet-Mason was right when he wrote: "He
drew a circle that shut me out, Heretic, rebel, a thing to flout; But love and I
had the wit to win, We drew a circle that took him in."
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