ROBERT BURNS
Freemasonry has no greater name than Robert Burns. If there are those who
question his investiture as Poet Laureate of the Canongate Kilwinning Lodge,
owing to the absence of certain documentary evidence, no one denies that he was,
and is, the greatest poet of Freemasonry, the singer alike of its faith and its
friendship, its philosophy and its fun, its passion and its prophecy. Nay, more;
he was the Laureate, of the hopes and dreams of the lowly of every land.
Higher tribute there is none for any man than to say, justly, that the world
is gentler and more joyous for his having lived; and that may be truly said of
Robert Burns, whose very name is an emblem of pity, joy, and the magnetism of
Brotherly Love. It is therefore that men love Burns, as much for his weakness as
for his strength, and all the more because he was such an unveneered human
being. It is given to but few men thus to live in the hearts of their fellows;
and today, from Ayr to Sidney, from Chicago to Calcutta, the memory of Burns is
not only a fragrance, but a living force uniting men of many lands into a
fellowship of Liberty Justice and Charity. "The Memory of Burns!" cried Emerson,
"I am afraid Heaven and earth have taken too good care of it to leave anything
to say. The west winds are murmuring it. Open the windows behind you and hearken
to the incoming tide, what the waves say of it. The doves perching on the eaves
of a stone chapel opposite may know something about it. The Memory of Burns -
every man's, every boy's, every girl's head carries snatches of his songs, and
they say them by heart; and what is strangest of all, never learned them from a
book, but from mouth to mouth. They are the property and the solace of mankind!"
In a tiny two-roomed cottage, clay-built and thatch-roofed, on the banks of
the Doon, in the district of Kyle, two miles south of the town of Ayr, in
Scotland, Robert Burns was born on January 25th, 1759. It was a peasant home,
such as he afterward described in "The Cotter's Saturday Night," in which
poverty was consecrated by piety, where the father was a priest of faith and the
mother a guardian angel of the holy things of life. So far from as schools were
concerned, his education was limited to grammar, writing and arithmetic. Later
he picked up a little Latin, a smattering of French, and some knowledge of
English and classic poets. But he knew the Book of Nature, leaf by leaf, and the
strange scroll of the Human Heart, as only the swift insight of genius can read
them.
At the age of twenty-two Burns was initiated into the Mysteries of
Freemasonry, in St. David's Lodge at Tarbolton, July 4th, 1781. Lockhart says
that he was introduced to the Lodge by John Rankine. The minute recording his
initiation reads: "Sederunt for July 4th. Robert Burns in Lochly was entered an
Apprentice. Jo Norman, Master." The second and third degrees were conferred on
the same evening, in the month of October following his initiation. Six years
later he was made a Knights Templar as well as a Royal Arch Mason in Eyemouth,
as under the old Regime the two were always given together. By this time he had
won some fame as a poet, and the higher degrees were given him in token both of
his fame as a poet and his enthusiasm as a Mason.
On July 27th, 1784, Burns was elected Depute Master of St. James Lodge,
Tarbolton, a position which he held until St. John's Day, 1788.
He was made an honorary member of St. John Lodge No. 22, Kilmarnock, on
October 26th, 1786. Major William Parker, the Master of St. John Lodge, became a
great friend of Burns, and subscribed for thirty-five copies of the first
edition of his poems. He is the "Willie" in the song "Ye Sons of Auld Killie" (a
contraction of Kilmarnock) composed and sung by Burns on the occasion of his
admission as an honorary member of St. John Lodge:
"Ye Sons of Auld Killie, assembled by William, To follow the noble vocation;
Your thrifty old mother has scarce such another, To sit in that honored station.
I've little to say, but only to pray, As praying's the ton of your fashion; A
prayer from the muse, you may well excuse, "Tis seldom her favorite passion. Ye
powers who preside, o're the wind and the tide, Who mark each element's border;
Who formed this frame with beneficent aim, Whose sovereign statute is order;
Within this dear mansion may wayward contention, Or withered envy ne're enter;
May secrecy round be the mystical bound, And Brotherly Love be the center.
The minutes of this meeting concluded as follows: "Robert Burns, Poet, from
Mauchline, a member of St. James, Tarbolton, was made an Honorary Member of this
Lodge."
"(Sgd.) Will Parker. This was the first Lodge to distinguish Burns with the
designation "Poet," and to honor him with honorary membership.
Besides being a faithful and enthusiastic attendant upon the meetings of his
own Lodge, Burns was a frequent visitor at Lodge when away from home. It is said
that, with a very few exceptions, all his patrons and acquaintances were members
of the Fraternity.
Burns is described at this time as nearly five feet ten inches in height, and
of a form agile as well as strong; his high forehead shaded with black, curling
hair, his eyes large, dark, full of bright intelligence, his face vividly
expressive. His careless dress and untaught manners gave an impression of
coarseness at first, but this was forgotten in the charm of his personality, and
his face in repose had a calm thoughtfulness akin to melancholy. Full of fun and
fire, affable and the best of good company, his superior mind did not make him
supercilious, and he loved more than all else, a festival that was half frolic
and a feast where joy and good will were guests. Alas, drinking was a habit in
the Scotland of those days, to a degree we can hardly imagine, as much in the
Church as in the Lodge; and it made the bitter tragedy of Robert Burns. Truth
obliges us to admit that his moral failure was early and pitiful, due alike to
his environment and to a fatal frailty of which made him fitful, unstable, and a
prey to every whim of fancy and of passion. It is an awful risk to be endowed
with the genius of a Burns; it digs deep pitfalls for the man to whom it is
given. Yet, if in his later years he was a degraded man of genius, he was never
a man of degraded genius. The poison did not enter his song. Allan Cunningham
was right when he said: "Few men had so much of the Poet in them, and few poets
so much of the man; the man was probably less pure than he ought to have been,
but the poet was pure and bright to the end."
So, and naturally so, men are willing to hide with a veil of charity the
debris of character scattered along the starry path of Burns. On reading his
poems Byron exclaimed: "What an antithetical mind! Tenderness, roughness,
delicacy, coarseness, sentiments, sensuality; dirt and deity - all mixed up in
one compound of inspired clay!" But that might pass for a description of mankind
in general, and of Burns in particular. If Burns was a sinner he was in that
akin to ourselves, as God knows, a little good and a little bad, a little weak
and a little strong, foolish when he thought he was wise, and wise, often, when
he feared he was foolish. So we may give Burns the charity which he prayed for
others:
Then at the balance let's be mute, We can never adjust it; What's done we
partly may compute, But know not what's resisted.
By the same token, no great poet whose name is linked with our Craft ever
owed more to Freemasonry, or gave more to it. More intimately than any other he
was identified with its life, its genius and its ideals. Its teachings moved his
thought; its spirit inspired his song; its genius nurtured that love of freedom
and Fraternity which he set to everlasting music. So much is this true, that it
remains a marvel to this day how Shairp could have written a biography of Burns
without once mentioning his membership in the Craft. In the gentle air of
Freemasonry he found refuge from hardship and heaviness of spirit; and its
fellowship served to shelter him from the poisoned arrows of petty bigots who
were unworthy to untie his shoes - men of a kind known in every age, whose
hard-heartedness was clad in unctuous hypocrisy.
Surely, if ever of any one, it can be said of Robert Burns, that his soul
goes marching on. He was the harbinger of the nineteenth century, the poet of
the rights and reign of the common people, whom, it has been said, God must love
because he made so many of them. The earth was fresh upon the tomb of George
Washington when that century was born; it discovered Lincoln and buried him with
infinite regret. But its triumphant melody first found voice in the songs of
Robert Burns, as the greek singer inspired Patriarch with the fire which kindled
the Revival of Learning, and out of the inertia of the Middle Ages created
modern times. So when Taine, the French critic, came to account for that age he
found that it's spirit "Broke First in the Scotch Peasant, Robert Burns." - a
man of all men most fitted to give it voice, because "scarcely ever was seen
together more of misery and of talent."
There are those who dream of a vague blur of cosmopolitism, in which all
local loyalties, all heroic national genius shall be merged and forgotten. Not
so Robert Burns. He was distinctively a national poet, striking deep roots in
his native soil, and, for that reason, touching a chord so haunting that it
echoes forever. This at least is true; a man who is not deeply rooted somewhere
- to whom one spot on earth is not a little dearer, and the sky over it a little
bluer - will not be of much use anywhere. When Burns appeared the spirit of
Scotland was a low ebb. Her people were crushed and her ancient fire almost
quenched. Her scholars blushed if they used her dialect. It was at such a time
that a God-Endowed singer took up his harp, inspired by the history of his
people, the traditions of Wallace and Bruce stirring him like a passion, his
soul attuned to the old ballads of love and daring, singing the simple life of
his nation in its vivid and picturesque language. He struck with a delicate but
strong hand the deep and noble feelings of his countrymen, and somewhere upon
his variegated robe of song will be found embroidered the life, the faith, the
genius of his people. No wonder the men loved a poet, and make his home at once
a throne of melody and a shrine of national glory.
Because he was so deeply rooted in the soil of his own land; because he was
so sweetly, sadly, joyously - yea, and even sinfully - human, his spirit and
appeal are universal, for the human heart beats everywhere the same, and by
loyalty to the genius of our own country we best serve our race. His passion for
liberty, his affirmation of the nobility of man, his sense if dignity of labor,
his pictures of the pathos and the hard lot of the lowly, find response in every
breast where beats the heart of a man. It is thus that all men love Burns, for
it was he who taught, as few have taught since the Son of Man lodged with the
fishermen by the sea, the brotherhood of man and the kinship of all breathing
things. Such singers live as long as men love life, and their words become a
part of the sacred scriptures of the human heart.
This is no time to deal in literary criticism - a dreary business at best, a
dismal business at worst. It is by all agreed that Robert Burns was a lyric poet
of the first order, if not the greatest song writer of the world. Draw a line
from Shakespeare to Browning, and he is one of the few minds tall enough to
touch it. The qualities of Burns are simplicity, naturalness, vividness, fire,
sweet-toned pathos, and rollicking humor - qualities rare enough, and still more
rarelyblended. His fame rests upon verses written swiftly, as men write letters,
and upon songs as spontaneous, as artless, as lovely as the songs of birds. He
sang of simple things, of the joys and woes and pieties of the common life,
where sin bewshadows virtue and the cup of death is pressed to the lips of love.
He saw the world as God made it, woven of good and ill, of light and shadow, and
his songs come home to rich and poor alike, a comfort and a consecration.
No wonder Burns was the best beloved poet of Lincoln, as much for his
democracy as for his humor, his pathos, and his rich humanity. With him social
rank was but a guinea stamp, a bit of tawdry tinsel alongside the native
nobility of manhood. He honored a man for his worth, not for his wealth. For the
snob, for the fop, he had genuine contempt. If he flayed the selfish pride of
the rich, it was not from envy - just as truly did he scorn the poor man who,
instead of standing erect, only cringes and whines. He told the poor man that it
is no sin to be poor, but that it is a sin to be ashamed of it. He taught that
honest poverty is not only nobler, but happier, than indolent or il-gotten
wealth. The Cotter's dog and the Laird's dog are very real dogs, as all admit,
but their talk is something more than dog-philosophy. It is the old, old story
of the high and the low, and it is like Burns to take the part of the under dog.
Still, had the Cotter's dog given way to self-pity, Burns would have been the
first to kick him. He hated fawning, as he hated sham, and he knew that if toil
is tragedy, labor is an honor and joy. That which lives in Robert Burns, and
will live while human nature is the same, is his love of justice, of honesty, of
reality, his touch of pathos and melting sympathy, his demand for liberty, his
faith in man and God - all uttered with simple speech and the golden voice of
song. His poems were little jets of love and liberty and pity finding their way
out through the fissures in the granite-like theology of his day. They came
fresh from the heart of a man whom the death of a little bird set dreaming of
the meaning of the world wherein life is woven of beauty, mystery and sorrow. A
flower crushed in the budding, a field mouse turned out of his home by a
plowshare, a wounded hare limping along the road to dusty death, or the memory
of a tiny bird who sang for him in the days agone, touched him to tears, and
made him feel the old hurt and heartache of the world. The poems of Burns did
not grow; they awoke complete. He was a child of the open air, and about all his
songs there is an outdoor feeling - never a smell of the lamp. He saw nature
with the swift glances of a child - saw beauty in the fold of clouds, in the
slant of trees, in the lilt and glint of flowing waters, in the immortal game of
hide-and-seek played by sunbeams and shadows, in the mists trailing over the
hills. The sigh of the wind in the forest filled him with a kind of wild, sad
joy, and the tender face of a mountain daisy was like the thought of one much
loved and long dead. The throb of his heart was warm in his words, and it was a
heart in which he carried an alabaster box of pity. He had a sad life and soul
of fire, the instincts of an angel in the midst of hard poverty; yet he lived
with dash and daring, sometimes with folly, and, we must add, - else we do not
know Burns - with a certain bubbling joyousness, despite his tragedy.
Such was the spirit of Robert Burns, a man passionate and piteous, compact of
light and flame and loveliness, capable of withering scorn of wrong, quickly
shifting from the ludicrous to the horrible in his fancy, poised between
laughter and tears - and if by some art se could send his soul into all the dark
places of the world, pity and joy would return to the common ways of man. His
feet may have been in the furrow, but the nobility of manhood was in his heart,
on his lips the voice of eternal melody, and in his face the light of the
morning star. Long live the spirit of Robert Burns, Poet and Freeemason! May it
grow and glow to the confounding of all injustice, all unkindness!
He haunts his native land As an immortal youth; his hand Guides every plow.
His presence haunts this room tonight, A form of mingled mist and light From
that far coast.
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