MASONIC
DICTIONARY
This dictionary has been compiled from multiple sources to
better illustrate the meaning of a word or phrase that is used in the Entered
Apprentice, Fellowcraft or Master Mason Degrees ,also known as the Symbolic
Degrees, . Main sources for this Masonic Dictionary came from The
Phoenixmasonry, The Master Mason and The Lodge Room websites among others.
If you more words that can be added to this dictionary, please
be so kind to email them.
A
Aaron - enlightened
He was the brother and assistant of Moses, and the first high priest under
Mosaic dispensation; hence, he was the founder of the "Aaronic"
priesthood.
Aaron's Rod
The staff carried by Aaron, brother of and assistant to Moses, as a token of
his office which miraculously blossomed as evidence of his Divine choice as High
Priest. It was afterwards preserved in the Ark of the Covenant.
Abhorrence of Evil
Required of all true Masons.
Abif - his father
An honorary title given to Hiram, the Tyrian builder. The word is used often
in original Hebrew scriptures, but it does not appear in English versions.
Abraham - father of a multitude
Abraham, earlier known as Abram, the son of Terah of Ur, and whose name was
changed to Abraham by God, was the founder of the Hebrew race. He was noted for
his faith, for piety, and for his loyalty to God.
Acacia
The timber of the Shittim tree, widely used in making the sacred furniture of
the Temple. In speculative Masonry, the term is used as a symbol of the
immortality of the soul.
Accepted The Latin accipere, receive, was from ad,
meaning "to," and capere, meaning "take," therefore to take, to receive. The
passive apprenticeship and initiation, but after the participle of this was
acceptus. In Operative Masonry members were admitted through course of time, and
when the Craft had begun to decay, gentlemen who had no intention of doing
builders' work but were interested in the Craft for social, or perhaps for
antiquarian reasons, were accepted" into membership; to distinguish these
gentlemen Masons from the Operatives in the membership they were called the
"Accepted." After 1717, when the whole Craft was revolutionized into a
Fraternity, all members became non-Operatives, hence our use of the word in such
phrases as "Free and Accepted Masons."
Accord - agreement; concurrence
To make to conform or agree; bring into harmony. Required of all Masons in order to attain true Brotherhood.
Active Member
An active member is one who maintains his membership in a Masonic Lodge by
the payment of his regular dues and who takes part in the work and
responsibilities of the Craft. One who fails to do these things may remain a
Mason in heart, but deprives himself of the benefits of membership.
Adam - earthborn: ruddy
This is the name given to the first man in Biblical creation, and the name
denotes that he was derived from the ground, are symbolized in the Entered
Apprentice degree as the candidate comes into his first perception of Masonic
Light. Adjournment
The Worshipful Master is the sole judge with reference to the adjournment of
a Lodge.
Admonish; Admonition One of the most exacting duties in the ethics of Freemasonry is that a Mason
shall not publicize the faults of a Brother Mason, but shall whisper good
counsel in his ear. An admonition must be given with the language of brotherly
affection, the magic tongue of love, and with the persuasive attitude of
"mercy unrestrained."
Adonai - The lord
While this proper name is not found in our English Bible,
it occurs in several passages of the original Greek and Hebrew texts, and is the
special title of the pre-incarnate Son of God.
Adoniram - high lord Chief receiver of tribute under David
and Solomon. He was appointed by Solomon to superintend the contribution
towards building the temple, as well as the levy of 30,000 Israelites, to work
by monthly courses in the forest of Lebanon. He was designated as the one
person whom the three Grand Masters had intended first to receive the
communication of certain secret knowledge reserved as a fitting reward to be
bestowed upon meritorious craftsmen at the completion of the Temple. Thus he is
referred to as "the first of the Fellow Crafts." Adoration -
reverent honor A fundamental tenet of Freemasonry is that God is supreme, preeminent,
and exalted above all creation, and the He alone is to be worshipped. Throughout
all of the Degrees and in all of the ritual of Masonry God is worshipped in
adorations which are expressed in both silent and oral prayers, and by different
reverent positions of the body. Advance
Going from one degree to the next after showing
proficiency in the preceding degree.
Adversity - A State of ill-fortune or destitution Freemasonry believes that adversity should be accepted as a test of character
and met with courage and prayer. Also, a Mason should go to the aid of a Brother
Mason in adversity.
Adverse Ballot
In
case the ballot on a petition for the degrees or for affiliation is adverse, the
Master may, if he so desires, spread the ballot again to make certain no error
occurred. In so doing, he should state his reason for the second spreading. The
ballot shall not be spread a third time.
A.E.O.N.M.S.:
Ancient Egyptian Order Nobles Mystic Shrine
(Prince Hall Shrine).
Affiliate Filius is Latin for son, filia for
daughter; the prefix "af" is a form of the Latin ad, meaning to add to. To be
affiliated means therefore to be adopted into a family as a son or daughter, a
meaning that beautifully covers a Mason's relation to his Lodge once he has
affiliated with it.
Affirmation
Affirmations instead of oaths are entirely inadmissible in Freemasonry.
Age, Lawful
This term is generally used of the age at which a young man becomes a lawful
citizen.
This is the age when a man may apply to join a Masonic Lodge. In many
jurisdictions, it is the age of twenty-one (21); in others, such as the Grand
Lodge of Missouri, it is eighteen (18).
Agreeably
In conformity with.
Aid of Deity
A fundamental principle of Freemasonry as illustrated in David's intercession
for Solomon for the task of building the Temple.
Alarm
The Latin for weapons, or arms, was arma. Our "art" and "article" came from
the same root, art meaning something originally made by the use of the arms,
hands and fingers. The English "alarm" goes back directly to the Italian alle
arme, and ultimately to the Latin ad arma so that "alarm" means "to arms,
signifying that something has happened of possible danger. A knock at the Lodge
door is so named because it calls for alertness, lest the wrong man be permitted
to enter. An alarm in Freemasonry means "a notice of the approach of someone
desiring admission," given by the Tiler by three distinct knocks on the
door. An alarm of a different character given by the tiler signifies the desire
for communication with the Lodge for some other reason. Allegiance
A Mason owes allegiance first to the Lodge in which membership is held; and,
second, to the Grand Lodge under which the Lodge is chartered. Should there be a
conflict between the regulations of the Lodge and the supreme body (Grand
Lodge), then allegiance to the supreme body is mandatory.
Allegorical
An allegory is a story told through symbols,
or an idea so expressed.
Allegory
The Greeks called a place of public assembly agora; from this
they built the word agoreuein, meaning speak, in the sense of addressing a
public. When to this is added alias, meaning another, the compound gives us our
"allegory," which is the speaking about one thing in the terms of something
else. In Masonry we have the allegory of Solomon's Temple, of a journey, of the
legend of a martyr builder, etc., in each case the acting and describing of one
thing being intended to refer to some other thing. For example, the building of
Solomon's Temple is described, not for the purpose of telling how that structure
was erected, but to suggest boxy men may work together in brotherliness at a
common task.
Analogy or comparison; a story told to illustrate
a principle. It comes from the Greek meaning "to say something
different."
All Seeing Eye
A perpetual and permanent symbol in the Lodge and work of
Freemasonry, signifying the omnipresence and omniscience of God. An emblem reminding us that we are
constantly in God's presence.
What is the source of this symbol and its meaning? An important symbol
borrowed by the Freemasons from the nations of antiquity. Among the Egyptians,
Osiris, their chief deity was symbolized by an open eye. "The eyes of Jehovah
are in every place," beholding and watching, the evil and the good. The
"All-Seeing Eye" is a symbol of watchfulness and the eye of the Grand
Architect. It is the symbol of his Divine watchfulness and care of the
Universe. The All-Seeing Eye, whom the Sun, Moon, and Stars obey, and under
whose watchful care even comets perform their stupendous revolutions, pervades
the inmost recesses of the human heart, and will reward us according to our
merits. The "Rays" represent "Light". Freemasons are emphatically called "The
Sons of Light" because they are entitled to be in possession of the true meaning
and knowledge of this symbol. It is in fact the first of all symbols presented
to the initiate, and continues to be presented to him in various forms
throughout his Masonic career. But as Light not only came from God, it also
makes mans way clear before him, so it is employed to signify moral truth.
Almoner An officer elected or
appointed in the continental Lodges of Europe to take charge of the contents of
the alms-box, to carry into effect the charitable resolutions of the Lodge, and
to visit sick and needy brethren. In the United States this officer does not
exist, his duties being performed by a committee of charity.
Almsgiving - gratuitously relieving the poor
This virtue is intimately interwoven with the whole superstructure of
Freemasonry and its practice is inculcated by all the principles of the Order.
The initiate is early instructed in the beauty of charity by the most impressive
ceremonies, and the same benevolent designs are repeated as he advances to
higher degrees. No true Mason can live for himself alone; he must live for
others who need his assistance. He must give, expecting nothing in return,
without consideration of future advantages, and wholly free of mercenary aims. Solemnly charged upon all Masons on the basis of Divine Commandments.
Alms-Box
A box which, toward the close of the Lodge, is handed around
by an appropriate officer for the reception of such donations for general
objects of charity as the brethren may feel disposed to bestow.
ALPHA and OMEGA
First and last Greek letters of the
alphabet. The beginning and the end of all things; the first and the last, often
mentioned in the Scriptures and in several of the Masonic degrees.
Altar - place of sacrifice or worship
Alt, in Latin, referred to height, preserved in our
"altitude;" this root appeared in altare, literally meaning a "high place." In
primitive religion it was a common practice to make sacrifices, or conduct
worship, on the top of a hill, or high platform, so that "altar" came to be
applied to any stone, post, platform, or other elevation used for such purposes.
In. the Lodge the altar is the most holy place.
The altar holds the central place in the Lodge room of Freemasons. Lying on
the altar is the Holy bible, the principal Light of Masons, which is open during
the work of the Lodge. Here, Masons voluntarily kneel and assume the oaths and
obligations of the several Degrees.
Amen
From the Hebrew meaning "verily, truly,
certainly." One person confirms the words of another, and adds his wish for
the success of another. Masonically, answered
by "So mote it be."
Anchor
In those Degrees of Masonry where the ceremonies and instructions relate to
life and death, man's journey over the sea of life is symbolized by Noah's Ark,
and the hope of immortality and a safe landing in the haven of eternal security
is symbolized by the anchor.
Ancient
Old, time honored.
Ancient Craft Masonry
The degrees that constitute Ancient Craft Masonry are the
Entered Apprentice, Fellowcraft, and Master Mason; and the Supreme Order of the
Royal Arch, since this Rite is a compliment of the Third Degree of Blue Lodge
Masonry.
Anger - vexation; ire; rage
The tenets of Freemasonry teach its members to avoid and to subdue every
element of ire and wrath, or enraged emotions and malicious emotions and
sentiments.
Anno Benefacio (A.B.)
Latin for "In the Year of the
Blessing." Used by the Order of High Priesthood for dating their documents.
(1930 added to the current date.)
Anno Depositionis (A.Dep.)
Latin for "In the Year of
the Deposit. "The Cryptic Masonic date designation. (Add 1000 to the
current date.)
Anno Domini (A.D.)
Latin for "Year of our Lord."
Anno Inventionis (A.I.)
Latin meaning "In the Year of
Discovery." The Royal Arch date designation. (Add 530 to the current date.)
Anno Lucis (A.L.)
Latin meaning "In the Year of
Light," the date used by Ancient Craft Masonry. (Add 4000 to the current
date.)
Anno Mundi (A.M.)
Latin meaning "In the Year of the
World." The date used by the Scottish Rite. (Add 3760 to the current year
until September; if after September, add 3761.
Anno Ordinnis (A.O.)
Latin meaning "In the Year of the
Order." The date used by the Knights Templar. Subtract 1118 from the
current date.)
Annual Communication
Many of the Grand Lodges of the United States hold only one
annual meeting; thus reviving the ancient custom of a yearly Grand Assembly. At
these annual communications it is usual for the three principal Lodge officers
to receive a per diem allowance for their mileage and traveling expenses.
Annual Proceedings
Every Grand Lodge in the United States publishes a full
account of its proceedings at its Annual Communication, to which is also almost
always added a list of the subordinate Lodges and their numbers. Some of these
Annual Proceedings extend to a considerable size, and they are all valuable as
giving an accurate and official account of the condition of Masonry in each
State for the past year. They also frequently contain valuable reports of
various committees.
Anoint
To apply oil to, or pour oil on, particularly holy
oil as a sign of elevation to kingship or consecration to priesthood. Hence,
"anointed," one accepted by the Lord, as "The Lord's
anointed." . Comes from the custom of the Egyptians and Jews.
Anxiety - painful uneasiness
Freemasonry discourages every form of undue concern about material things,
and stresses simple trust in God and his providences.
Appertaining
belonging to, or connected with, as a rightful part or attribute; relating to
Apprentice
In Latin apprehendre meant to lay hold of a thing in the
sense of learning to understand it, the origin of our "apprehend." This became
contracted into apprendre and was applied to a young man beginning to learn a
trade. The latter term came into circulation among European languages and,
through the Operative Masons, gave us our "apprentice," that is, one who is
beginning to learn Masonry. An "Entered Apprentice" is one whose name has been
entered in the books of the Lodge.
Comes from the Latin word apprehendre meaning
"to grasp to master a thing" Hence the leaner
Apron
In early English, napron was used of a cloth, a tablecloth,
whence our napery, napkin; it apparently was derived from the Latin map pa, the
source of "map." "Apron is a misdivided form of "a napron," and meant a cloth,
more particularly a cloth tied on in front to protect the clothes. The Operative
Masons wore a leather apron out of necessity; when the craft became speculative
this garment, so long identified with building work was retained as the badge of
Masons; also as a symbol of purity, a meaning attached to it, probably, in
comparatively recent times, though of this one cannot be certain.
The
badge of a Mason. Originally among priesthoods as a badge of office and a means
of ornamentation. The Masonic apron should be white lambskin, fourteen inches
wide and twelve inches deep. From
the French word napron meaning "an apron of cloth." From earliest
times in Persia, Egypt, India, the Jewish Essenes, the white apron was a badge
of honor and candidates were invested with it, or a sash, or a robe. Its
reference is to purity of heart, to innocence of conduct.
The use of an apron or some equivalent investiture, as a mystic symbol, was
common among Ancient Masons. Hence, in the First Degree of Freemasonry, the
initiate, at his initiation and not at some subsequent time, is presented with
the pure white lambskin apron as a reminder of that purity of life and rectitude
of conduct which is so essentially necessary to his gaining admission into the
Celestial Lodge above where the Supreme Architect of the Universe resides
forever. This apron becomes his permanent property as the "badge of a
Freemason." As he advances in Masonry, he may receive other aprons of varying
types, but never one that equals this first one in emblematic significance and
Masonic value.
Apron, Washington's
George Washington was presented with an apron at Mount Vernon by the Marquis
Lafayette. Many of the emblems of Freemasonry had been wrought in the needlework
upon white satin by Madam Lafayette for the making of this apron, and it was
conveyed from Paris to George Washington's home Lodge by Lafayette himself as a
special honor.
Arch, Holy Royal
Job compares Heaven to an arch supported by pillars. This is, of course,
allegorical, even as is the name "Holy Royal Arch" degree in Masonry.
The pillars which support the arch are emblematical of Wisdom and Strength; the
former denoting the wisdom of the Supreme Architect, and the latter the
stability of the universe.
Architect
One who designs buildings.
Architecture
The art or science of building.
Architecture is one of the first occupations in which man
employed himself. The science commenced with miserable huts; the next step was
to erect altars on which to offer sacrifices to the gods; regular dwellings
followed next in rotation, after which, in rapid succession, came palaces for
princes, bridges over the most rapid streams to facilitate communication;
pyramids and cathedrals, proudly pointing to the heavens. Thus we have
inherited the title of Mason from one of the most ancient and most honorable
occupations of mankind. The working tools of an operative Mason have become our
symbols, because we can find no better or more expressive ones. No occupation
is so widely extended; and so closely connected with others, as that of a Mason;
and the various paths by which mankind strive to gain an entrance into the
imperishable temple are innumerable.
The five orders of architecture recognized in Freemasonry are Doric, Ionic,
Corinthian, Tuscan and Composite. The Doric order represents the West; the
Corinthian Column represents the South. The Gothic, or pointed style of
architecture, was intimately connected with the Middle Ages, over which
Freemasonry maintained exclusive control.
Archives
A place for the safe keeping of records and historical documents; the
records themselves.
Our traditions state that the hollow of the cylinder of the pillars, Boaz and
Jachin, was used as the archives of Masonry, and contained the sacred rolls
which comprised the history of the Hebrew nation, their civil and religious
life, the works of the prophetical and inspired writers, and the complete system
of universal science.
Ark of the Covenant
The Ark of the Covenant was a chest originally constructed according to
specific instructions given to Moses by God, and was the only article placed in
the Holy of Holies in the Temple. Within the Ark were placed the two tables or
tablets of stone on which the Ten Commandments were engraved, Aaron's baton
which had budded as a token of his divine appointment to the office of High
Priest, and a pot of manna.
It was at first deposited in the most sacred place in the tabernacle, and
afterwards placed by Solomon in the Sanctum Sanctorum of the Temple. When the
Temple was destroyed by the armies of Nebuchadnezzar, the Ark was carried to
Babylon and destroyed. Artificers - a craftsman or skilled workmen
A skilled worker, craftsman. A person adept at
designing and constructing, an inventor. Tubal-cain was the first notable artificer mentioned in history. The best
available of these master craftsmen were employed in the building of the Temple.
Arithmetic
Is the art of numbering, or that part of the mathematics
which considers the properties of numbers in general. We have but a very
imperfect idea of things without quantity, and as imperfect of quantity itself,
without the help of Arithmetic. All of the works of the Almighty are made in
number, weight and measure; therefore, to understand them rightly, we ought to
understand arithmetical calculations; and the greater advancement we make in the
mathematical sciences, the more capable we shall be of considering such things
as are the ordinary objects of our conceptions, and be thereby led to a more
comprehensive knowledge of our great Creator, and the works of the creation.
Arts
Branches of learning, as in the lecture of the F.C.
degree. In E.A. degree: skills.
Arts, Liberal
The seven liberal arts and sciences are Grammar, Rhetoric,
Arithmetic, Logic, Music, Geometry, and Astronomy. They are beautifully
explained in the second, or Fellowcraft's degree
Arts, Parts and Points
These terms are used in the mysteries of Masonry. Arts represents the
knowledge or things made known; Parts, the degrees into which Masonry is
divided; and Points, the rules and usages of Masonry.
Arts and Sciences
Freemasonry recognizes the seven principal arts and sciences as: Grammar,
Rhetoric, Logic, Arithmetic, Geometry, Music and Astronomy.
Asher - fortunate; happy
Asher was the eighth some on Jacob and the founder of the tribe of the same
name. In the tribal blessings promised to him, his tribe was to enjoy richness
and royal dainties. Hence, entrusting the Masonic initiates with the mysteries
of the Order is symbolized by the tribe of Asher, as it
was said that he was an inheritor of richness and royal dainties.
Ashlar
The Latin assis was a board or plank; in the diminutive form,
assula, it meant a small board, like a shingle, or a chip. In this connection it
is interesting to note that our "axle" and' "axis" were derived from it. In
early English this became asheler and was used to denote a stone in the rough as
it came from the quarries. The Operative Masons called such a stone a "rough
ashlar," and when it had been shaped and finished for its place in the wall they
called it a "perfect ashlar."
In Speculative Masonry we adopt the
ashlar in two different states, as symbols in the Apprentice's degree. The
Rough Ashlar, or stone in its rude and unpolished condition, is emblematic of
man in his natural state--ignorant, uncultivated and vicious. But when
education has exerted its wholesome influence in expanding his intellect,
restraining his passions, and purifying his life, he then is represented by the
Perfect Ashlar, which, under the skillful hands of the workmen, has been
smoothed, and squared, and fitted for its place in the building.
An Apprentice is a rough ashlar, because unfinished, whereas
a Master Mason is a perfect ashlar, because he has been shaped for his place in
the organization of the Craft.
A block of stone from which a column, capital, or
other finished product is carved or hewn; A stone as taken from the quarry; an unpolished
stone.
Ask, Seek, Knock
The applicant for membership in Freemasonry Asks for acceptance, Seeks for
Light, and Knocks for initiation.
Aspirant
One who eagerly seeks to know or to
obtain something. It is applied to one about to be initiated into Masonry.
There seems, however, to be a shade of difference in meaning between the words
candidate and aspirant. The candidate is one who asks for
admission; so called from the Lat. candidatus "clothed in white," because
candidates for office at Rome wore a white dress. The aspirant is one already
elected and in the process of initiation, and coming from aspiro, to seek
eagerly, refers to the earnestness with which he prosecutes his search for light
and truth.
Astronomy
Is that sublime science which inspires the contemplative mind
to soar aloft, and read the wisdom, strength, and beauty of the great Creator in
the heavens. How nobly eloquent of the Deity is the celestial
hemisphere!--spangled with the most magnificent heralds of his infinite glory!
They speak to the whole universe; for there is no speech so barbarous, but their
language is understood; nor nation so distant, but their voices are heard among
them. The heavens proclaim the glory of God; The firmament declareth the
works of his hands. Assisted by Astronomy, we ascertain the laws which
govern the heavenly bodies, and by which their motions are directed; investigate
the power by which they circulate in their orbs, discover their size, determine
their distance, explain their various phenomena, and correct the fallacy of the
senses by the light of truth.
Atheism - denial of the existence of a Supreme Deity
No atheist can become a Mason. Every candidate must confess faith in God
before crossing the threshold of the Lodge. This confession is an essential
element in all the work of a Masonic Lodge.
Atheist
The Greek for God was theos; when the j prefix a was placed
before it, we get the origin j of "atheism," signifying a denial of the god, or
gods. The word should be distinguished from "agnosticism," which means neither
to affirm nor to deny but to remain in doubt; and from "infidel," which means
that one does not believe some doctrine. Christians call Mohammedans "infidels"
because they do not believe the Bible; Mohammendans call Christians "infidels"
because they do not believe the Koran. Inasmuch as Masonry requires of a
petitioner that he believe in God the atheist is automatically excluded from the
Fraternity.
One who does not believe in God, or who denies the
physical, moral, and spiritual evidences of a Creator endowed with supreme
power, omniscience, justice, and love which fill the universe. A belief in a
God is one of the Landmarks of the Masonic Order.
Audi, Vide, Tace
These Latin words form the motto often found on Masonic medals and documents.
They mean: Hear, See, Be Silent.
Avouch
to acknowledge Avouchment
The regulations by which avouchments
are to be governed appear to be three: (1) A Mason may vouch for another, if
he has sat in Lodge with him. (2) He may vouch for him if he has subjected him
to a skillful private examination. (3) He may also vouch for him if he has
received positive information of his Masonic character from a competent and
reliable Brother. Of these three, the first is the safest, and the last the
most dangerous. It is essential that the voucher should be a skillful Mason,
for it is better to subject the visitor to a formal examination, than to take
the avouchment of an unknowing Brother, though he may declare that he has sat in
Lodge with the person desirous of being admitted.
Award Certificate
A document that accompanies an award and certifies its
issue. Award certificates have the original or facsimile signature of the
authorizing official or official and often their seal of office. Typically,
award certificates are embellished documents adorned with such elements as
decorative lettering, a representation of the badge of the award, and the
national or Masonic coat of arms. Synonymous terms are award document, bestowal
document, brevet, and diploma.
Awe
Reverential fear; amazement
Azure
Sky-blue. The appropriate color of the
symbolic Lodge. A favorite color in heraldry; employed in blazonry.
back to top
B
Babbler - senseless talker
Freemasonry recognizes the unprofitableness of vague and senseless talk, and
forbids babbling in and out of Lodge.
Backbiting - slandering an absent party
Every form of slander, especially the speaking of evil of an absent Brother,
is expressly forbidden by the principles and laws of Freemasonry.
Bade told; ordered; requested; directed Badge of a Mason
See Apron (above).
Ballot Box
The box in which the ballots or little balls or cubes used in
voting for a candidate are deposited. It should be divided into two
compartments, one of which is to contain both black and white balls, from which
each member selects one, and the other, which is shielded by a partition
provided with an aperture, to receive the ball that is to be deposited. Various
methods have been devised by which secrecy may be secured, so that a voter may
select and deposit the ball he desires without the possibility of its being seen
whether it is black or white.
Balloting
Balloting on the acceptance or rejection of a candidate is secret; small
round white and black balls are used in voting. White balls elect; black balls
reject. In casting the ballot, all members are required to base their ballot on
personal knowledge, information of the committee on investigation, and reputed
character of the candidate. Under no circumstances are members to allow
themselves to be influenced by personal likes and dislikes of the candidate or
by a spirit of prejudice or revenge.
Every member is required to vote conscientiously for the good of the Order
and in Brotherly consideration of the applicant. The candidate is rejected if
one or more black balls are cast against him.
Banishment - compulsory exile of one who is unworthy
The practice of Freemasonry in banishing from its membership unworthy persons
is fully sustained by Biblical authority and practice.
Barefoot
The removal of one or both shoes has been for many hundreds of years a token
of reverence and a symbol of yielding one's self to the control and sovereignty
of another.
Beauty
Operative Masonry has as its chief objective beauty and symmetry in
architecture in building of King Solomon's Temple; speculative Masonry
emphasizes the beauty of character and the virtues of true manhood.
Symbolically, Beauty is one of the three supports of the Lodge. It is
represented by the Corinthian column, the most beautiful of the ancient orders
of Architecture; also by the Junior Warden, because he symbolizes the meridian
sun, the most beautiful object in the heavens. Hiram Abif is represented by the
Column of Beauty, because the beauty and glory of the Temple were due to his
skill. Beehive
Among the ancients, the beehive was a symbol of an obedient people and an
emblem of systematized industry. Hence, Freemasonry has adopted the beehive as a
symbol on industry -- a virtue stressed in ritual and by lectures. It recommends
the practice of that virtue to all created beings, from the highest seraph in
heaven to the lowest reptile in the dust. It teaches us that we came into the
world rational and human beings, so should we ever be industrious ones; never
sitting down contented while our fellow creatures around us are in want, if it
is in our power to relieve them without inconvenience to ourselves. What
one may not be able to accomplish alone may be easily performed when all work
together at one task.
Benediction
A Lodge must never be closed without a solemn invocation of Divine Blessing.
Benevolence - disposition to do good; charitableness
Strictly speaking, Freemasonry is not to be classified as a benevolent
institution; but the disposition and practice of benevolence of the widest and
most generous scope are strongly stressed by the Fraternity.
Masons are taught to look upon all mankind as formed by the Grand Architect
of the Universe in a spirit of sympathy and love and to discharge the duties of
benevolence in the widest and most generous scope. Bias
Prejudice; influence or affect unduly
Bible - sacred Book of Christendom
Masons accept this Book and believe in it as the Law of God, as the Great
Light of Freemasonry. It is an open Book on the altar during all work of the
Lodge, and certain appropriate passages are used for the different Degrees.
Bigotry - intolerance toward those of different creeds or religious
affiliations
Masonry has always been bitterly opposed to religious intolerance of every
kind. As an institution, it has bee the harbinger of religious and civil
freedom, liberty of conscience, and separation of church and state.
Blazing Star
The Blazing Star,
which is not, however, to be confounded with the Five-Pointed Star, is one of
the most important symbols of Freemasonry, and makes its appearance in several
of the degrees.
The Blazing Star is
symbolic of a true Mason, who, by perfecting himself in the way of truth, that
is to say, by advancing in knowledge, becomes like a blazing star, shining with
brilliancy in the midst of darkness. The star is, therefore, a symbol of truth.
In English lodges,
symbolizes sun which enlightens the earth, dispensing its blessings to all
mankind and giving light and life to all things.
Symbol of light; of Divine direction in the journey through life.
Blue
Blue is the color of Freemasonry. As the color of the vault of Heaven, it is
to a Mason the symbol of universal friendship and benevolence,
and instructs us that, in the mind of a Mason, those
virtues should be as expansive as the blue arch of Heaven itself.. Expect
for white, blue is the only color ever used for decoration in a Master Mason's
Lodge.
Blue Lodge
The name "Blue Lodge" designates the Symbolic Lodge in which the first three
degrees are conferred.
A term which has grown into use over the years
meaning the three degrees of the lodge, or Symbolic Masonry. In the early years,
Master Masons wore blue lined aprons. Blue is symbolic of perfection,
benevolence, truth, universal friendship, fidelity.
Boaz - strength, in strength Comes from the Hebrew meaning "in
strength." The name of the left-hand pillar that stood on the porch of King
Solomon's Temple, and adopted into speculative Masonry because of its symbolic
meaning. Like the other of the two pillars which stood at the porch of the
Temple, Jachin by name, this pillar was highly ornamented; but more
important was its emblematical import. It was broken to pieces by the Babylonians and carried to the city of
Babylon.
Book of Constitutions
An emblem of law signifying that our
moral and spiritual character is grounded in law and order and that no man can
live a satisfying life who lives lawlessly.
Book of Constitutions Guarded by the Tyler's Sword
An
admonishment to the Mason that he should be guarded in his words and actions;
obedience to the law.
Book Of The Law
The sacred book which reveals the will of
God. To Christians, the Bible; to the Brahman, the Vedas, etc.
Bourn; Bourne
A boundary, as between properties; limit
Brass - hard metal formerly made primarily of copper, but later of
certain alloys
This metal was used extensively in the building of the Temple.
Brazen Pillars
See Pillars of the Porch
Breast to Breast
See Points of Fellowship
Breast, The Faithful
One of the three precious jewels of a Fellowcraft. It
symbolically teaches the initiate that the lessons which he has received from
the instructive tongue of the Master are not to be listened to and lost, but
carefully treasured in his heart, and that the precepts of the Order constitute
a covenant which he is faithfully to observe.
Brethren
The term is used in speaking of Masons, and in
this connection is preferable to "brothers."
Broken Column
Columns or pillars were used among the early Hebrews to signify nobles or
princes, as if they were pillars of state; it is from such that we get the expression
"pillar of the church." Thus, a broken column would signify a "fallen
prince," the weakening of the state.
Masonically, the broken column refers to the
fall of one of the chief supporters of the Craft; an untimely death.
Brother
This word is one of the oldest, as it is one of the most
beautiful, in any language. Nobody knows where or when it originated, but it is
certain that it existed in the Sanskrit, in a form strikingly similar to that
used by us. In Greek it was phrater, in the Latin frater, whence our "fraternal"
and "fraternalism." It has always meant men from the same parents, or men knit
by very close blood ties. When associated with "initiation, which las the
general meaning of "being born into," one can see how appropriate is its k use
in Freemasonry. All of us have, through initiation in our "mother" Lodges, been
born into a Masonry and therefore we are "brothers," and that which holds us
together in one great family is the "Mystic Tie," the Masonic analogue of the
blood tie among kinsmen.
Brotherly Love
Freemasonry recognizes the Divine requirement that godly men love their
neighbors and that this love should be for all mankind. Emphasis is lain upon
the privilege and duty of special love for members of the Fraternity. There are
certain bonds and obligations in Freemasonry which are fulfilled only in the
spirit of true brotherhood.
We are taught to regard the whole human species as one family--the high, the
low, the rich, the poor--who, as created by one Almighty Parent, and inhabitants
of the same planet, are to aid, support, and protect each other. On this
principle, Masonry unites men of every country, sect, and opinion, and
conciliates true friendship among those who might otherwise have remained at a
perpetual distance. In the Masonic Fraternity, the candidate for the mysteries
of Freemasonry is impressed with the fact that the great principles of the Order
are Brotherly Love, Relief and Truth in the initiatory Rites, and throughout his
advancement. The mode and manner for the practice of these principles are
detailed in words and illustrated in symbols, so there can be no cause for error
in understanding or failure in practice. Emphatic throughout the ritual of the
Masonic Fraternity are the teachings of the greater Light of Masonry that
Brotherly Love is to be more than an abstract principle; it is to be in deed and
in truth. Builder The chief architect of the Temple
of Solomon, "Hiram Abif," was often called "the Builder." But the word is also
applied to the Craft. In speculative Masonry every member is as much a builder
as was his operative predecessor. Masons are moral builders. In the ritual it
is declared that they have "a more noble and glorious purpose than squaring
stones and hewing timbers, which is fitting immortal nature for that spiritual
building not made with hands, eternal in the heavens." "The Builder" is
therefore the most noble title that can be bestowed upon a Mason
Building of the Temple
Speculative Masonry was evolved from the organization of the workmen in the
construction of Solomon's Temple and the union of operative masons who labored
on that notable and Holy Building. Much of the ritual is traced directly back to
the building of the Temple.
Burial
From time immemorial, Freemasons have given special attention to the
interment of their dead, and the proper burial of a Brother Mason is regarded as
a sacred and binding duty. Solemn, beautiful and profoundly meaningful burial
rites and ceremonies are provided for deceased Brothers where such are requested
by the Brother himself or by members of his family.
Busybodies - meddling persons
The principles and tenets of Freemasonry forbid every form of whispering,
talebearing, gossiping and slander.
By-Laws
Every Lodge has the power of framing by-laws for its own
government, provided they are not contrary to or inconsistent with the general
regulations of the Grand Lodge. The Old Constitutions provide that the by-laws
of the Lodge shall be delivered to the master on the day of his installation,
when he shall solemnly pledge himself to observe and enforce them during his
mastership. Every brother shall also sign them when he becomes a member of the
Lodge, as a declaration of his submission to them.
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C
Clandestine
Not regular.
Cable's Length
a maritime unit of length; about 100 fathoms or 600 feet Cable Tow
A cable tow is a rope or line for drawing or leading. A
compound word of Masonic coinage combining cable (a rope) and tow (a rope for
pulling). Symbolically, it represents the covenant by which all Masons
are bound; the tie by which the candidate is bound to his brethren; the length
of a Mason's cable tow is the scope of his ability to go to the relief of a
brother in need.
Gaedicke says that, "according to the ancient laws of Freemasonry, every
brother must attend his Lodge if he is within the length of his cable tow." The
old writers define the length of a cable tow, which they sometimes called, "a
cable's length," to be three miles (in present time it is usually considered
about forty miles) for an Entered Apprentice. But the expression is really
symbolic and, as it was defined by the Baltimore Convention in 1842, means the
scope of a man's reasonable ability.
Cabul - sterile
As an expression of appreciation for the assistance given him in the building
of the Temple by Hiram, King of Tyre, Solomon presented to him a district in
northern Galilee containing twenty small towns. The area was barren and quite
poor. Hiram gave to the district the name "Cabal," meaning
"displeasing."
Calendar, Masonic
Masons date their official documents in
a manner peculiar to themselves. The various dates for the different bodies are
based on important points in history.
Call From Labor to Refreshment
When expediency requires the suspension of the work of the
Lodge in the Master's Degree for some special reason, the Worshipful Master may
close the Lodge without the usual formal closing ceremonies, and in so doing
this phrase is used.
Candidate
Among Romans it was the custom for a man seeking office to
wear a shining white robe. Since the name for such a color was candidus (whence
our "candid"), the office seeker came to be called candidate. In our ceremonies
the custom is reversed: the candidate is clothed after his election instead of
before.
Canopy
A tent-like covering. "Canopy of heaven",
the sky.
Undoubtedly this term, whether qualified with the words
"celestial" or "cloudy," refers to the expanse of the heavens. The term
symbolizes the universal sphere of Freemasonry; it has its seat in every clime
under the heavens. It also teaches how widely extensive is the sphere of
usefulness for a Mason.
Cardinal
Of basic importance; main; primary; essential; principal
In Masonry we have "cardinal points" and "cardinal virtues." The Greeks had
kradan, meaning, "swing on," and the Romans had cardo, meaning "hinge." The
roots mean that on which a thing swings, or hinges, on which a thing depends or
hangs, therefore anything that is of fundamental or pivotal, importance. A
member of the Sacred College of the Roman Church is a Cardinal because of the
importance of his office, which ranks next in dignity to that of the Pope. The
cardinal points of the compass are those from which are determined all other
points, north, east, south, west; the cardinal virtues are those which are
fundamental to all other virtues.
Cardinal Points
East: Wisdom; West: Strength; South:
Beauty; North: Darkness.
Cardinal Virtues
Cardinal comes from the
Latin cardo meaning "chief or fundamental." These are the preeminent or principal virtues of which all others hinge. As
set forth in the Entered Apprentice Degree, they are Temperance, Fortitude,
Prudence and Justice - virtues of morality as laid down by Plato.
Fortitude, by which we are taught to resist temptation; Prudence, by which
we are instructed to regulate our conduct by the dictates of reason; Temperance,
by which we learn to govern the passions; Justice, which constitutes the cement
of civil society.
Carnality
Freemasonry recognizes the fact that man has certain fleshly appetites which
are natural to humanity, and admits their satisfaction in a temperate measure
through legitimate channels (marriage). Yet, Freemasonry teaches moderation,
self-control, temperateness, regularity, and lawfulness in all carnal desires
and relations.
Carpet
A kind of map, on which are pictured the emblems illustrative
of the several degrees of Freemasonry, and by reference to which neophytes are
instructed. They were formally traced upon the floor, hence the term carpet.
Case
A container provided by the issuing authority for the storage
and transportation of jewels and badges. The case is meant to compliment the
jewel and accompanies it during presentation. A typical case is attractive and
well constructed and consists of a lid hinged to a bottom compartment, a button
type tension catch to open and close the lid, and interior satin lining. The
exterior of the case has a covering of Leatherette or some other texture, and
the top of the lid is often stamped with the name of the maufacturer. A
synonymous term is presentation case.
Catechism
Instructions of Freemasonry.
Cedars
Members of the Tall Cedars of Lebanon, a
non-Masonic organization composed of Freemasons.
Cedars of Lebanon
Among the finest and most perfect cedars ever known in history of the world
were those of Lebanon. Through his alliance with Hiram, King of Tyre, Solomon
secured cedars from these mountains for use in construction of the Temple.
Celestial Canopy
Symbolic covering of the lodge; heavenly.
Cement
What is the mystic tie of Fraternalism? The symbolic
tie that binds men together, the cement of brotherly love. The Lodge is
strongly cemented with love and friendship, and every brother is duly taught
secrecy and prudence, morality and good fellowship.
Brotherly love binds Freemasons of all countries,
races and creeds in one common brotherhood.
Censure
Condemnation or blame
Ceremony
The Latin caerimonia referred to a set of formal acts having
a sacred, or revered, character. A ceremony differs from a merely formal act in
that it has a religious significance; a formality becomes a ceremony only when
it is made sacred. A "ceremony" may be individual, or may involve only two
persons; a rite" (see below under "ritual") is more public, and necessarily
involves many. An "observance" is public, as when the whole nation "observes"
Memorial Day. A "Master of Ceremonies" is one who directs and regulates forms,
rites and ceremonies.
Chain, Mystic
This is the formation of the Brethren in a circle, holding
each other by the hands. Each brother crosses his arms in front of his body,
giving his right hand to his left hand neighbor and his left hand to his right
hand neighbor. It is a symbol of the close connection of all Masons in a common
brotherhood, and is usually practiced around the grave in Masonic Burials.
Chalk, Charcoal and Clay
By these three substances are beautifully symbolized the
three qualifications for the servitude of an Entered Apprentice--freedom,
fervency, and zeal. Chalk is the freest of all substances, because the
slightest touch leaves a trace behind. Charcoal, the most fervent, because to
it, when ignited, the most obdurate metals yield; and clay, the most zealous,
because it is constantly employed in man's service, and is constantly reminding
us that from it we all came, and to it we must all return. In the earlier
lectures of the last century, the symbols, with the same interpretation, were
given as "Chalk, Charcoal, and Earthen Pan."
Chambers
In the erection of King Solomon's Temple, a series of chambers were built on
three sides of the Temple (north, south and west). This building against the
wall of the Temple were three stories high (30 feet). These small chambers were
used for Temple offices and for storage.
Chapiter
The ornamental tops or capitals of pillars;
the uppermost part of a
column, pillar, or pilaster, forming the head or crown and placed immediately
over the shaft and under the entablature. Because of the highly ornamented and
peculiarly constructed chapiters of the two pillars which stood in the porch of
King Solomon's Temple, they are largely referred to and explained in the
FellowCraft's Degree.
Charge
So called from the "Old Charges," because, like them, it
contains an epitome of duty. It is the admonition which is given by the
presiding officer, at the close of the ceremony of initiation, to the candidate,
and which the latter receives standing, as a token of respect. There is a
charge for each degree, which is to be found in all of the monitors and manuals
from Preston onwards.
Among the most beautiful and forceful features of the work of Masonry are the
solemn and exacting charges given to the candidate as he advances from one
Degree to another.
Charity - acts of inward love
The Greeks had a word, charisma, meaning a gift, and a number
of words from the same root, variously suggesting rejoicing, gladness. The
Latins had a similar word, carus, and meaning dear, possibly connected with am
or, signifying love. From these roots came "grace," meaning a free, unbought
gift, as in the theological phrase, "the grace of God," and "charity." Strictly
speaking, charity is an act done freely, and spontaneously out of friendship,
not as a civic duty and grudgingly, as is sometimes the case in public charity.
The Masonic use of the word is much nearer this original sense, for a Mason
extends relief to a needy brother not as a duty but out of friendship.
The three great cardinal virtues are Faith, Hope and Love. Charity as an act
of genuine, heart-felt love is so closely related that it is sometimes employed
in the place of Love, and is regarded as one of the three great cardinal
virtues. Charity in its various implications and forms of action hold a high
place in the life of every Freemason.
Charter
In Latin charta was a paper, a card, a map; in Medieval Latin
this became an official paper, as in the case of "Magna Charta." Our "chart" and
"card" are derived from the same root. A Masonic charter is the written paper,
or instrument, empowering a group of brethren to act as a Lodge.
A document setting forth a set of granted rights
and privileges given by the Grand Lodge to the constituent Lodge at the tinic of
Constitution. The Master is its
custodian, and must see to its security at all times. The charter must be in the Lodge room during all
communications of the Lodge, preferably in the Master's charge, but it may be on
the Secretary's desk, or in the archives of the Lodge. It should not be framed
to hang on the wall. The request of
a visitor to inspect the charter in advance be granted or refused.
Should the charter be lost or destroyed, the Grand Master or Grand
Secretary should be notified at once. Pending the issuing of a duplicate
charter, a permission, or dispensation to continue work should be obtained from
the Grand Master.
Chasity - purity in sexual relations
Freemasonry stands uncompromisingly for the purity of womanhood and for the
protection of a woman's chastity. Sacred obligations with respect to certain
phases of chastity have been assumed by every Mason, and he is bound in honor
and under severe penalties to keep untainted these obligations.
Chasten
To correct by discipline.
Checkered Floor
The Mosaic Pavement.
Christian Virtues
Faith, Hope, and Charity.
Circle
A figure which has neither beginning nor end and
symbolizes eternity; the universe.
Circumambulation
In Masonic terminology this is the technical name of that
ceremony in which the candidate walks around the Lodge. The word 4 is derived
from the Latin prefix cireum, meaning "around," and ainbulare, meaning "walk,"
whence our ambulate, ambulatory, etc.; a circumambulation is therefore a walking
around. In ancient religions and mysteries the worshippers walked around an
altar; imitating the movements of the sun; this became known as
circumambulation, and is the origin of our own ceremony.
The
movement is in imitation of the apparent course of the sun, and so is in the
form of an ellipse. After the
obligation the Senior Deacon with the candidate should make all turns square.
Circumscribed
To draw a line around; to limit in range of activity definitely and clearly.
To draw a circular line by the compasses; symbolic of
the boundary line of Masonic conduct. Literally encircled hence limited.
Circumspection
Carefulness in considering all circumstances and possible consequences. Citizenship
Perhaps no institution or organization has contributed more to good
citizenship than Freemasonry. Democratic principles, good government, freedom of
conscience and civic liberty have always been championed by Masons. Many of the
world's great patriots and statesmen of all nations have been members of the
Fraternity. Loyalty to one's government, faithfulness in all the duties of
citizenship, and active support of public institutions are demanded throughout
all the rituals of Freemasonry.
Clad Covered or clothed Clandestine
In Anglo Saxon "helan" meant something hidden, or secret, a
meaning preserved in "conceal;" "hell," the hidden place, is from the same word.
Helan descended' from the Latin celare, hide; and on this was built the Latin
clandestinus, secret, hidden, furtive. In English clandestine, thus derived,
came to mean a bad secret, one that must be indulged in furtively. A secret may
be innocent; it is merely something done without the knowledge of others, and
nothing is more common; but a clandestine act is one done in such a way as to
elude observation. Clandestine Masonry is a bad kind of irregular and unlawful
secret society falsely claiming to be Masonic. In the Constitutions a
Clandestine Mason is defined as, "One claiming to be a Free and Accepted Mason
not having received the degrees in a Lodge recognized as regular by the Grand
Lodge of the State of New York."
Concealed, usually for some secret or illicit purpose.
In Freemasonry, illegal, not authorized.
Clay Ground
The use of this term in Masonic work is based on the fact that a special clay
found only in the Jordan Valley was used in casting the two great pillars,
called Boaz and Jachin, which stood before the Great Porch of Solomon's Temple.
This same clay was also used for casting ornaments and vessels used in the
Temple.
Cleft
Opening made by a crack or crevice; a hollow between
two parts.
Clefts of the Rocks
The whole of Palestine is very mountainous, and these
mountains abound in caves, caverns, and deep clefts, which were anciently used
as places of refuge and as dens for robbers. Hence the concealment of certain
persons in the cleft of the rocks in the Third Degree of Masonry.
Clods of the Valley
This term is used in Masonic ritual in its Biblical meaning and signifies the
sweetness of rest for the dead of the Lord.
Closing a Lodge
Adjournment by motion is unknown in a Masonic Lodge; the
ceremony for closing is solemn and imperative; it must never be omitted,
performed in a hurried or careless manner, nor abbreviated. The Worshipful
Master alone can dismiss the Brethren, and only in conformity to established
usage. See Call from Labor to Refreshment.
Clothed, Properly
With white gloves and apron, and the
jewel of his Masonic rank. Today the gloves are usually dispensed with.
Clothing
In early English cloth was used of garment, dress, and shows
up in our clad, cloth, clothe, clothing. Clothing is the set of garments, or
coverings, by which the body is protected from the weather and concealed from
view. In Masonic usage the meaning is much narrower and more technical; a Mason
is clothed when he wears the apron, white gloves, and the emblem of his rank.
The apron and gloves are also employed as symbols, though gloves have pretty
much fallen into disuse in American Masonry.
It has always been the custom among all peoples for designated officers,
leaders, and people of rank to wear special regalia or a particular type of
clothing which indicates a person's official position. Based on this custom and
upon Biblical examples, and for reasons of dignity and beauty, Masons follow
this practice.
Coffin
It symbolizes "death to the old life"; this death is
necessary before one can take part in the mysteries of Freemasonry and enter
upon its duties. Like the "Phoenix," the resurrection to a new life is
inferred. The "Coffin" containing the remains of a deceased friend and Brother
reminds Masons that we are the custodians of a great heritage passed along to us
in the story of the "Hiramic Legend".
Colors
The Masonic colors, like those used in
the Jewish tabernacle, are intended to represent the four elements. The white
typifies the earth, the sea is represented by the purple, the sky-blue is an
emblem of the air, and the crimson of fire.
Column
The Greeks called the top or summit of anything kolophon; in
Latin culmen had a similar meaning; from these origins come our culmination ;"
excelsior, colophon, colonnade, colonel, and climax appears to he closely
related to it. A "column" is a cylindrical, or slightly tapering, support; a
"pillar" is a rectangular support. Either may stand free or be incorporated into
the building fabric. The officers of a Lodge are figured as columns because they
are the supports of the official fabric of the Lodge. The Great Pillars are
symbolical representations of the two pillars, which stood on the Porch of King
Solomon's Temple.
From the Latin culmen meaning "a pillar to
support or adorn a building." In Masonry the symbolic Significance pertains
to the supports of a lodge; Three columns are employed; the columns of Wisdom,
Strength and Beauty.
Columns, Wardens
Represent Jachin and Boaz. While the
lodge is at work the columns are erect and horizontal, respectively; while on
refreshment, such positions are reversed.
Common Gavel
The "Common Gavel" is an instrument made use of by operative
Masons to break off the corners of rough stones, the better to fit them for the
builder's use, but we as Free and Accepted Masons, are taught to use it for the
more noble and glorious purpose of divesting our hearts and consciences of the
vices and superfluities of life, thereby fitting our minds as living stones for
that spiritual building - that house not made with hands - eternal in the
heavens.
Communication
There is some dispute as to the origin of this word but
usually it is held to have come from communis, a Latin term for general, or
universal, whence our common, common wealth, communion, communism, communal and
many similar words. To communicate is to share something with others so that all
may partake of it; a communication is an act, transaction, or deliberation
shared in by all present. From this it will be seen how appropriate is our use
of the word to designate those official Lodge meetings in which all members have
a part or a voice.
A Masonic Lodge meeting is called a "communication" because it
dates back to the earliest meaning of the word -- the having of things in
common, the fellowship of men engaged in a common purpose, governed by a common
principle, and participation in common interests and activities.
Compass
A mathematical instrument for dividing and drawing
circles; an instrument indicating the magnetic meridian.
Compasses
This is the plural of compass, from the Latin corn, meaning
"together," and passus, meaning a pass, step, way, or route. Contrivance,
cunning, encompass, pass, pace derive from the same roots. A circle was once
described as a compass because all the steps in making it were ''together," that
is, of the same distance from the center; and the word, natural transition,
became applied to the familiar two-legged' instrument for drawing a circle. Some
Masons use the word in the singular, as in "square and compass," hut the plural
form "square and compasses" would appear to he preferable, especially since it
immediately distinguishes the working tool from the mariner's compass, with
which it might be otherwise confused by the uninformed.
The compasses are emblems of virtue, the true and holy measure of a Mason's
life and conduct. One of the Working Tools. Freemasons have
adopted the plural spelling to distinguish it from the magnetic compass.
As in Operative Freemasonry, the compasses are used for the
admeasurements of the architect's plans, and to enable him to give those just
proportions which will ensure beauty as well as stability to his work; so, in
Speculative Freemasonry, is this important implement symbolic of that even tenor
of deportment, that true standard of rectitude which alone can bestow happiness
here and felicity hereafter. Hence are the compasses the most prominent emblem
of virtue, the true and only measure of a Freemason's life and conduct. As the
Bible gives us Light on our duties to God, and the square
illustrates our duties to our neighborhood and Brother, so the compasses
give that additional light which is to instruct us in the duty we owe
to ourselves--the great, imperative duty of circumscribing our passions, and
keeping our desires within due bounds. "It is ordained," says the philosophic
Burke, "in the eternal constitution of things, that men of intemperate passions
cannot be free; their passions forge their fetters." Those Brethren who
delight to trace our emblems to an astronomical origin, find in the
compasses a symbol of the sun, the circular pivot representing the body of
the luminary, and the diverging legs his rays. In the earliest rituals of the
eighteenth century, the compasses are described as a part of the
furniture of the Lodge, and are said to belong to the Master. Some change will
be found in this respect in the ritual of the present day. The word is
sometimes spelled and pronounced compass, which is more usually applied
to the magnetic needle and circular dial or card of the mariner from which he
directs his course over the seas, or the similar guide of the airman when
seeking his destination across unknown territory.
Consecration
Corn, Wine and Oil are the materials used by Masons for
consecrating purposes. Corn is the symbol of nourishment; wine is the symbol of
refreshment, and oil is the symbol of joy. They are also emblematic of peace,
health, and plenty. The ceremony of consecrating religious edifices to the
sacred purposes for which they are intended, by mystic rites, has been
transmitted to us from the remotest antiquity. "History," says Dudley, "both
ancient and modern, tells us that extraordinary rites, called rites of
consecration or dedication, have been performed by people of all ages and
nations, on the occasion of the first application of altars and temples, or
places, to religious uses." Thus, Moses consecrated the tabernacle, Solomon the
first Temple, and the returned exiles from Babylon the second. Among the
Pagans, ceremonies of the most magnificent nature were often used in setting
apart their gorgeous temples to the purpose of worship. A Masonic Lodge is, in
imitation of these ancient examples, consecrated with mystic ceremonies to the
sacred purposes for which it had been constructed."
Sacer was the Latin for something set aside as holy. By
prefixing con, meaning "together," consecrare resulted, the general significance
of which was that by adding to some holy object a formal ceremony the object was
declared to be holy to the public, and must therefore be treated as such. The
ceremony of consecrating a Lodge room is a way of giving notice to the public
that it has been dedicated, or set aside, for Masonic purposes only.
Contention
Strife or struggle.
Contention Among Brethren
Whenever and wherever men are grouped together for any purpose or a
brotherhood is formed, differences of opinion will arise, conflicting interests
will present themselves and the spirit of true brotherhood can be threatened.
Among Freemasons, every effort must be put forth to prevent such circumstances
from producing contention. Masons can agree to disagree.
Masonry recognizes the right of differences of opinion and freedoms of
individual thinking and action on matters where no fundamental principles of the
Order are involved; but friction, partyism, schisms, and dissentions in the
brotherhood are forbidden. One of the main sources of strength in Freemasonry
is unity, solidarity, and conformity in ritual and fraternalism.
Constitution
Statuere meant that a thing was set, or placed, or
established; when con was added (see immediately above) constituere meant than
an official ceremony had set, or fixed, or placed a thing. From the same source
come statue, statute, institute, restitute, etc. A Lodge is "constituted" when
it is formally and officially set up, and given its own permanent place in the
Fraternity.
Corn, Vine and Oil
Three elements of consecration. In
ancient times these were regarded as the basic commodities for the support of
life and constituted the wealth of the people. Today in the U.S. we think of
corn as maize, but the original meaning is an edible grain or cereal. The Hebrew
word for corn means "to be increased or to multiply."
The corn, wine and oil in Operative Masonry were the wages a FellowCraft was
paid for the performance of his duties. In Masonic rites they are elements of
consecration of the Lodge, and in other forms of consecration rites. Corn, the
emblem of food, reminds the Mason that he is to be nourished by the hidden Manna
of Righteousness; wine, the emblem of refreshment, reminds him that he is to be
refreshed with the word of the Lord; oil, the emblem of Divine anointing,
reminds him that he is to rejoice with joy unspeakable in the riches of Divine
grace. The carrying of Corn, Wine and Oil in a procession reminds a Mason that
in the pilgrimage of life he is to give bread to the hungry, cheer to the
sorrowful, and consolation to the sick and afflicted. In Speculative
Freemasonry, the ritual explains Corn, Wine and Oil to wit: "It is emblematical
of nourishment, refreshment, and joy and teaches Masons this important lesson...
That we should be ever-ready to nourish the needy, refresh the destitute, and
pour the oil of joy in the hearts of the afflicted."
Cornerstone
This is usually the stone that lies at the corner of two wall of building in
which certain historic documents are placed and on which historic inscriptions
are engraved. In Masonic buildings, it is always placed at the northeast corner,
and this position is preferred in buildings for which Masons perform the
cornerstone-laying ceremony. Beautiful and meaningful symbolisms are associated
with the laying of cornerstones as a dedication to the one living Great
Architect of the Universe.
The symbolism of the corner stone when duly laid with Masonic rites is full
of significance, which refers to its form, to its situation, to
its permanence, and to its consecration. As to form, it must be
perfectly square on its surfaces, and its solid contents a cube. The square is
a symbol of Morality, and the cube of Truth. The situation at the corner of the
north and east, the north representing darkness and the east representing light,
presents the symbol of Masonic progress from darkness to light, and from
ignorance to knowledge. The Cornerstone is supposed to be of a more permanent
and durable quality than any other part of the building, lasting beyond the
decay and ruin of the building, and therefore reminding the Mason that when his
earthly Tabernacle of his shall have pass away, he has within him a sure
foundation of eternal life, a cornerstone of immortality emanating from the
Divine Spirit, and which will survive the tomb, returning to his Creator and
God, above the decaying dust of immortality and the grave. The proper setting
of the stone by the implements of Operative Masonry -- the square, the level,
and the plumb -- reminds the Mason that his virtues must be tested by temptation
and trial, by suffering and adversity, and he must be declared to be "well
formed, true, trusty" by the Master Builder before he can become "a living stone
for that house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens." In Masonic
symbolism, it signifies a true Mason, and therefore it is the first character
which the Apprentice is made to represent after his initiation has been
completed.
Cornice
The ornamented slab placed above the capital of a
pillar, and extending beyond it.
Cornucopia
The horn of plenty; a symbol of abundance.
The old Pagan myth tells us that Zues was nourished during his infancy in
Crete by the daughters of Melissus, with the milk of the goat Amalthea. Zues,
when he came to the empire of the world, in gratitude placed Amalthea in the
Heavens as a constellation, and gave one of her horns to his nurses, with the
assurance that it should furnish them with a never-failing supply of whatever
they might desire. Hence it is a symbol of abundance, and as such has been
adopted as the jewel of the Stewards of the Lodge, to remind them that it is
their duty to see that the tables are properly furnished at refreshment, and
that every Brother is suitably served. Among the deities whose images are to be
found in the ancient Temples at Elora, in Hindustan, is the goddess Ana
Purna, whose name is compounded of Ana, signifying corn,
and Purna meaning plenty. She holds a corn measure in her
hand, and the whole therefore very clearly has the same allusion as the Masonic
Horn of Plenty. In the Masonic system it is the symbol of joy, peace
and plenty. It is the official jewel of the Stewards of the Lodge.
Countenance
Approval; support; encourage; favor
Covenant of Masons or Masonry A covenant or obligation is a contract or agreement between two or more parties on certain
terms. In becoming a Mason, a man enters into a covenant with the Fraternity,
agreeing to fulfill certain promises and perform certain duties. On the other
hand, the Fraternity and its members bind themselves to certain ties of
friendship, brotherliness, protection support and benefits. The breaking of a
covenant is subject to stated penalties.
Cowan
The origin is unknown, but it may be early Scotch. It was
used of a man who practiced Masonry, usually of the roughest character as in the
building of walls, who had not been regularly trained and initiated,
corresponding in some sense to "scab" as used by labor unions. If a man has
learned the work by some illegal method he is a cowan. An "eavesdropper" is one
who spies on a Lodge, and may be such without having learned anything about it
before. A "clandestine" is one who has gone through initiation ceremonies but
not in a regular Lodge.
This is strictly a Masonic term; it means an intruder, profane, pretender, or
one who accidentally enters where he is not wanted. This is not to be confused
with the word eavesdropper or one who deliberately tries to overhear and see
what is not meant for his eyes and ears. He is a person who may seek the secrets
and benefits of Freemasonry unlawfully.
A person who lays brick or stone without mortar impersonating a skilled
mason.
Craft In Anglo-Saxon, craft meant cunning, skill,
power, dexterity, etc. The word became applied to trades and occupations calling
for trained skill on the part of those practicing it. The distinction between
such trades and those not requiring trained workmen, so rigidly maintained, was
one of the hallmarks of the Middle Ages. Freemasonry is called a Craft, partly
for historical reasons, partly because, unlike so many fraternities, it requires
a training (given in the form of initiation ceremonies) of those seeking its
membership.
Craftsmen
The term "craft" applies to persons collectively engaged in a trade
or mechanical operation. It is used of operative Masons and the vast number of
men employed in the building of the Temple are referred to as Craftsmen. In
speculative Masonry, the entire Fraternity is spoken of as the Craft, whereas
individual members are Craftsmen.
Creation
Freemasonry recognizes Jehovah as God and as the Great Architect of the
Universe, the creator of all things, both material and spiritual. And it accepts
the account of Creation given in the Book of Genesis and confirmed by other
Scriptures. To a Mason, earth and the heavens declare the Glory of God.
Cubit
In ancient times, the length equaled the length of the arm from the elbow to
the tip of the middle finger. It was customary for the Master of the work to
use the length of his own arm as a standard. Roman cubits were about 17 2/5
inches; that of the Hebrews 22 inches, but its length is now generally stated as
18 American inches.
The sacred cubit is 36 inches; the profane cubit is 18 inches.
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D
Dais
The platform, or raised floor, in the East of the
lodge where the Master sits. In the lodge, the steps to this should be three.
The Senior Warden's place should be raised two steps and that of the junior
Warden, one step.
Darkness
Symbolizes that state of ignorance before light
(knowledge) is received.
Darkness to Light
Physical darkness is symbolic of ignorance and of spiritual blindness.
Applicants for the enlightenment of Freemasonry are, of course, in total
ignorance of the rituals and symbolisms of the Order. They are, hence, required
to enter the Lodge in complete darkness. They are in search of Light, and this
is given to them as they advance through the several Degrees of Masonry.
David
David was the youngest son of Jesse of Bethlehem who was chosen and anointed
to become the successor of Saul as King of Israel while only a lad and shepherd
of his father's flocks. He served King Saul as a musician, later as a military
leader of some genius, bravery, and great heroism. However, he was bitterly
persecuted by the King because of his jealousies. At the age of thirty, David
was anointed King at Hebron and later established his throne at Jerusalem. He
reigned forty years and was permitted by God to make extensive preparations for
the building of the Temple which was later erected by his son and successor,
Solomon. He was forbidden by to build the Temple because he was a warrior while
his son, Solomon, would be a man of peace.
Day
From the beginning, the period of twenty-four hours embracing one season of
light and one of darkness has been regarded as a day. Among the ancients, the
day began at sunset and ended at sunset the next day instead of running from
midnight to midnight.
D.D.G.M
District Deputy Grand Master, an assistant who
acts for the Grand Master in a particular district.
Deacon
Despite the fact that the bloom has been rubbed off by our
slangy use of it, this is one of the most beautiful words in our language. In
Greek, diakonos was a servant, a messenger, a waiting man. In the early
Christian Church a deacon served at the Lord's Supper and administered alms to
the poor; and the word still most frequently refers to such a church officer. It
appears that the two Lodge offices of Senior and Junior Deacon were patterned on
the church offices.
Comes from the Greek diakonos meaning
"messenger or waiting-man."
Deacons
In every Masonic Lodge there are two officers called Senior and Junior
Deacons. Their duties comprehend general surveillance over the Lodge, the
introduction of visitors, and to serve as proxy for the Worshipful Master in
certain circumstances.
Death
The Masonic idea of death is accompanied with no gloom, because it is
represented on as physical sleep for an unknown period of time, from which there
will be an awakening of the body and a resurrection of a spiritual body capable
and fitted for eternal life. From beginning to end, the rituals of Freemasonry
teach and symbolize the doctrine of man's immortality and repudiate every iota
of the doctrine of annihil | 
